Core answer
Start here. This is the direct spoken answer to practice first.
Overview
Chooses task synchronization by protected state, notification predicates, and limited capacity.
An asyncio Lock gives one task at a time access to a critical section. An Event broadcasts that some state has become true but does not protect the state itself. A Condition combines a lock with waiting for a state predicate to change. A Semaphore limits how many tasks enter a scarce operation concurrently. These primitives coordinate asyncio tasks and are not thread-safe OS-thread locks.