Technical interview questions and drills

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Showing the Python Backendcurriculum. Technology tags describe each drill's actual implementation context; shared drills can belong to more than one track.

Concept questionMedium~7 min

What belongs in Pydantic field or model validators, and what belongs in domain logic?

Separates deterministic request-shape validation from authorization, I/O, workflows, and durable business invariants.

In Python Backend

FastAPIPydantic

Drills

What belongs in Pydantic field or model validators, and what belongs in domain logic?

What can break when Python work moves into a process pool?

What can go wrong with fire-and-forget work created by asyncio.create_task()?

What can go wrong with implicit I/O or concurrent tasks using SQLAlchemy AsyncSession?

What do DRF object-level permissions not protect automatically?

What does a FastAPI response model do beyond generating documentation?

What does Django REST Framework add on top of Django?

What does FastAPI OAuth2PasswordBearer do, and what security work is still required?

What does mutability mean in Python?

What does the GIL mean for Python concurrency now that free-threaded builds exist?

What do Python type hints enforce at runtime?

What do spec, autospec, and AsyncMock protect you from in Python tests?

What do transient, pending, persistent, expired, and detached mean in SQLAlchemy?

What is a Python decorator, and what can go wrong when you write one?

What is Django, and what does it provide for a backend application?

What is FastAPI, and what does it provide for a backend API?

What is the difference between a coroutine, an asyncio Task, and a Future?

What is the difference between a Django project and an app?

What is the difference between a DRF Serializer and ModelSerializer?

What is the difference between an iterable and an iterator in Python?

What is the difference between Any and object in Python typing?

What is the difference between a shallow and deep copy in Python?

What is the difference between asynchronous concurrency and parallelism in Python?

What is the difference between Django TestCase and TransactionTestCase?